Activated banana peel macrocomposite adsorbent for river water treatment: isotherm and kinetic studies

Abstract This study investigates the potential of a hybrid process combining sand filtration column with activated banana peels macrocomposite (ABPM) adsorbent for river water treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed an irregular structure and high cavities peel surface that caters to deposition contaminants, while energy-dispersive X-ray detected major elements adsorbent, such as calcium, oxygen, silicon, carbon. Fourier-transform infrared showed presence hydroxyl, acyl, amine, alkene groups were responsible adsorption process. The experiment was investigated find out removal turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen (AN) where it resulted in highest efficiency operated at flowrate 1.15 ml/s >90% 44% COD, 87% BOD, 75% TSS, 54% AN removal. isotherm best described by Langmuir model (R2 > 0.98) compared Freundlich 0.95). pseudo-first-order kinetic fit all experimental data. combination ABPM is efficient treatment solution improving quality.